28-day prognostic value of coronary artery calcification burden in critically ill patients with COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: From pathophysiological mechanisms to risk stratification, much debate and discussion persist regarding the coronary artery disease as a risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of coronary artery calcification (CAC) burden by non-gated chest computed tomography (CT) for the prediction of 28-day mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19 admitted to intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: Consecutive critically ill adult patients with acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19 admitted to ICU who underwent non-contrast non-gated chest CT performed for pneumonia assessment between March and June 2020 (n â€‹= â€‹768) were identified. Patients were stratified in four groups: (a) CAC â€‹= â€‹0, (b) CAC 1-100, (c) CAC 101-300, and (d) CAC >300. RESULTS: CAC was detected in 376 patients (49%), of whom 218 (58%) showed CAC >300. CAC >300 was independently associated with ICU mortality at 28 days after admission (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36-2.36, p â€‹< â€‹0.001), and incrementally improved prediction of death over a model with clinical features and biomarkers assessed within the first 24h in ICU (likelihood ratio test â€‹= â€‹140 vs. 123, respectively, p â€‹< â€‹0.001). In the final cohort, 286 (37%) patients died within 28 days of ICU admission. CONCLUSION: In critically ill patients with COVID-19, a high CAC burden quantified with a non-gated chest CT performed for COVID-19 pneumonia assessment is an independent predictor of 28-day mortality, with an incremental prognostic value over a comprehensive clinical assessment during the first 24h in ICU.

Lung Lesion Burden found on Chest CT as a Prognostic Marker in Hospitalized Patients with High Clinical Suspicion of COVID-19 Pneumonia: a Brazilian experience.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between lung lesion burden (LLB) found on chest computed tomography (CT) and 30-day mortality in hospitalized patients with high clinical suspicion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), accounting for tomographic dynamic changes. METHODS: Patients hospitalized with high clinical suspicion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in a dedicated and reference hospital for COVID-19, having undergone at least one RT-PCR test, regardless of the result, and with one CT compatible with COVID-19, were retrospectively studied. Clinical and laboratory data upon admission were assessed, and LLB found on CT was semi-quantitatively evaluated through visual analysis. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality after admission. Secondary outcomes, including the intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation used, and length of stay (LOS), were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 457 patients with a mean age of 57±15 years were included. Among these, 58% presented with positive RT-PCR result for COVID-19. The median time from symptom onset to RT-PCR was 8 days [interquartile range 6-11 days]. An initial LLB of ≥50% using CT was found in 201 patients (44%), which was associated with an increased crude at 30-day mortality (31% vs. 15% in patients with LLB of <50%, p<0.001). An LLB of ≥50% was also associated with an increase in the ICU admission, the need for mechanical ventilation, and a prolonged LOS after adjusting for baseline covariates and accounting for the CT findings as a time-varying covariate; hence, patients with an LLB of ≥50% remained at a higher risk at 30-day mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 2.17, 95% confidence interval 1.47-3.18, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Even after accounting for dynamic CT changes in patients with both clinical and imaging findings consistent with COVID-19, an LLB of ≥50% might be associated with a higher risk of mortality.

Chest computed tomography in the diagnosis of COVID-19 in patients with false negative RT-PCR

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the role of chest computed tomography in patients with COVID-19 who presented initial negative result in reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Methods A single-center, retrospective study that evaluated 39 patients with negative RT-PCR for COVID-19, who underwent chest computed tomography and had a final clinical or serological diagnosis of COVID-19. The visual tomographic classification was evaluated according to the Consensus of the Radiological Society of North America and software developed with artificial intelligence for automatic detection of findings and chance estimation of COVID-19. Results In the visual tomographic analysis, only one of them (3%) presented computed tomography classified as negative, 69% were classified as typical and 28% as indeterminate. In the evaluation using the software, only four (about 10%) had a probability of COVID-19 <25%. Conclusion Computed tomography can play an important role in management of suspected cases of COVID-19 with initial negative results in RT-PCR, especially considering those patients outside the ideal window for sample collection for RT-PCR.

Evaluation of the RSNA and CORADS classifications for COVID-19 on chest computed tomography in the Brazilian population.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between the two tomographic classifications for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), COVID-19 Reporting and Data System (CORADS) and Radiological Society of North America Expert Consensus Statement on Reporting Chest Computed Tomography (CT) Findings Related to COVID-19 (RSNA), in the Brazilian population and to assess the agreement between reviewers with different experience levels. METHODS: Chest CT images of patients with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-positive COVID-19 were categorized according to the CORADS and RSNA classifications by radiologists with different levels of experience and who were initially unaware of the RT-PCR results. The inter- and intra-observer concordances for each of the classifications were calculated, as were the concordances between classifications. RESULTS: A total of 100 patients were included in this study. The RSNA classification showed an almost perfect inter-observer agreement between reviewers with similar experience levels, with a kappa coefficient of 0.892 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.788-0.995). CORADS showed substantial agreement among reviewers with similar experience levels, with a kappa coefficient of 0.642 (95% CI, 0.491-0.793). There was inter-observer variation when comparing less experienced reviewers with more experienced reviewers, with the highest kappa coefficient of 0.396 (95% CI, 0.255-0.588). There was a significant correlation between both classifications, with a Kendall coefficient of 0.899 (p<0.001) and substantial intra-observer agreement for both classifications. CONCLUSION: The RSNA and CORADS classifications showed excellent inter-observer agreement for reviewers with the same level of experience, although the agreement between less experience reviewers and the reviewer with the most experience was only reasonable. Combined analysis of both classifications with the first RT-PCR results did not reveal any false-negative results for detecting COVID-19 in patients.

Thoracic tomographic manifestations in symptomatic respiratory patients with COVID-19

China was the epicenter for the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which quickly spread to other Asian countries and later to Western countries;subsequently, COVID-19 was categorized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Diagnosis primarily depends on viral detection in respiratory samples;however, available kits are limited, lack high sensitivity, and have a long turnaround time for providing results. In this scenario, computed tomography has emerged as an efficient and available high-sensitivity method, allowing radiologists to readily recognize findings related to COVID-19. The objective of this article is to demonstrate the main tomographic findings in symptomatic respiratory patients with COVID-19 to assist medical professionals during this critical moment. Resumo A doença pelo novo coronavírus (COVID-19) teve epicentro na China e rapidamente se espalhou pelos demais países asiáticos e, posteriormente, para os países ocidentais, sendo definida como pandemia pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. O diagnóstico da COVID-19 é primariamente dependente da pesquisa do vírus nas vias aéreas superiores, mas os kits para sua confirmação ainda são limitados, não apresentam sensibilidade elevada e os resultados são demorados. Nesse cenário, a tomografia computadorizada surge como método eficiente e disponível e com alta sensibilidade, cabendo a nós radiologistas reconhecer prontamente os achados relacionados a essa doença. O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar os principais achados tomográficos de tórax em pacientes sintomáticos respiratórios infectados pela COVID-19, de modo a auxiliar os colegas nesse momento crítico.

Imaging findings in COVID-19 pneumonia

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in Wuhan city and was declared a pandemic in March 2020. Although the virus is not restricted to the lung parenchyma, the use of chest imaging in COVID-19 can be especially useful for patients with moderate to severe symptoms or comorbidities. This article aimed to demonstrate the chest imaging findings of COVID-19 on different modalities: chest radiography, computed tomography, and ultrasonography. In addition, it intended to review recommendations on imaging assessment of COVID-19 and to discuss the use of a structured chest computed tomography report. Chest radiography, despite being a low-cost and easily available method, has low sensitivity for screening patients. It can be useful in monitoring hospitalized patients, especially for the evaluation of complications such as pneumothorax and pleural effusion. Chest computed tomography, despite being highly sensitive, has a low specificity, and hence cannot replace the reference diagnostic test (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction). To facilitate the confection and reduce the variability of radiological reports, some standardizations with structured reports have been proposed. Among the available classifications, it is possible to divide the radiological findings into typical, indeterminate, atypical, and negative findings. The structured report can also contain an estimate of the extent of lung involvement (e.g., more or less than 50% of the lung parenchyma). Pulmonary ultrasonography can also be an auxiliary method, especially for monitoring hospitalized patients in intensive care units, where transfer to a tomography scanner is difficult.

Thoracic tomographic manifestations in symptomatic respiratory patients with COVID-19.

China was the epicenter for the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which quickly spread to other Asian countries and later to Western countries; subsequently, COVID-19 was categorized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Diagnosis primarily depends on viral detection in respiratory samples; however, available kits are limited, lack high sensitivity, and have a long turnaround time for providing results. In this scenario, computed tomography has emerged as an efficient and available high-sensitivity method, allowing radiologists to readily recognize findings related to COVID-19. The objective of this article is to demonstrate the main tomographic findings in symptomatic respiratory patients with COVID-19 to assist medical professionals during this critical moment.

A doença pelo novo coronavírus (COVID-19) teve epicentro na China e rapidamente se espalhou pelos demais países asiáticos e, posteriormente, para os países ocidentais, sendo definida como pandemia pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. O diagnóstico da COVID-19 é primariamente dependente da pesquisa do vírus nas vias aéreas superiores, mas os kits para sua confirmação ainda são limitados, não apresentam sensibilidade elevada e os resultados são demorados. Nesse cenário, a tomografia computadorizada surge como método eficiente e disponível e com alta sensibilidade, cabendo a nós radiologistas reconhecer prontamente os achados relacionados a essa doença. O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar os principais achados tomográficos de tórax em pacientes sintomáticos respiratórios infectados pela COVID-19, de modo a auxiliar os colegas nesse momento crítico.

Imaging findings in COVID-19 pneumonia.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in Wuhan city and was declared a pandemic in March 2020. Although the virus is not restricted to the lung parenchyma, the use of chest imaging in COVID-19 can be especially useful for patients with moderate to severe symptoms or comorbidities. This article aimed to demonstrate the chest imaging findings of COVID-19 on different modalities: chest radiography, computed tomography, and ultrasonography. In addition, it intended to review recommendations on imaging assessment of COVID-19 and to discuss the use of a structured chest computed tomography report. Chest radiography, despite being a low-cost and easily available method, has low sensitivity for screening patients. It can be useful in monitoring hospitalized patients, especially for the evaluation of complications such as pneumothorax and pleural effusion. Chest computed tomography, despite being highly sensitive, has a low specificity, and hence cannot replace the reference diagnostic test (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction). To facilitate the confection and reduce the variability of radiological reports, some standardizations with structured reports have been proposed. Among the available classifications, it is possible to divide the radiological findings into typical, indeterminate, atypical, and negative findings. The structured report can also contain an estimate of the extent of lung involvement (e.g., more or less than 50% of the lung parenchyma). Pulmonary ultrasonography can also be an auxiliary method, especially for monitoring hospitalized patients in intensive care units, where transfer to a tomography scanner is difficult.